Transurethral resection of Prostate (TURP)

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is a surgical procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition where the prostate gland becomes enlarged. This enlargement can cause urinary problems such as difficulty urinating or frequent urination.

Procedure Overview

Technique: TURP is performed using a thin, tube-like instrument called a resectoscope, which is inserted through the urethra to reach the prostate gland. The resectoscope has a wire loop at its end that uses an electric current or laser to remove or vaporize excess prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra.
Anesthesia: The procedure is usually done under spinal or general anesthesia.
Duration: Typically, TURP takes about 1 to 2 hours to complete, depending on the size of the prostate and the amount of tissue that needs to be removed.

Indications

TURP is indicated for:

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): When the prostate gland becomes enlarged, causing urinary symptoms.
Bladder Stones: If stones have formed in the bladder due to urinary retention caused by BPH.
Bladder Tumors: In some cases, small bladder tumors can also be treated or biopsied using the resectoscope during TURP.

Risks and Complications

While TURP is generally considered safe, it carries risks like any surgical procedure, including:

Bleeding: During and after the procedure, some bleeding can occur. In rare cases, blood transfusions may be necessary.
Infection: There is a risk of developing a urinary tract infection after the procedure.
Urinary Incontinence: Temporary or, rarely, permanent urinary incontinence can occur, especially if the sphincter muscles are damaged during surgery.
Erectile Dysfunction: Though rare, some patients may experience erectile dysfunction following TURP.
Retrograde Ejaculation: This occurs when semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the urethra during ejaculation.

Postoperative Care

Catheterization: A catheter is usually placed in the bladder after surgery to drain urine and allow the surgical site to heal. It may remain in place for a few days to a week.
Recovery: Most patients can return home within a day or two after surgery. Complete recovery may take several weeks, during which time patients are advised to avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting.
Follow-Up: Regular follow-up visits with the urologist are necessary to monitor recovery and ensure that any complications are addressed promptly.

Outcome

TURP is highly effective in relieving symptoms of BPH and improving urinary flow in the majority of patients. It is considered the gold standard surgical treatment for BPH when medications fail to provide adequate relief.

Patients considering TURP should discuss the potential benefits and risks with their urologist to determine if this procedure is the best option for managing their urinary symptoms and improving their quality of life.